{"id":5199,"date":"2025-04-10T11:32:58","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T11:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/?p=5199"},"modified":"2025-04-10T11:33:00","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T11:33:00","slug":"inondations-en-rdc-a-quand-des-solutions-perennes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/04\/10\/inondations-en-rdc-a-quand-des-solutions-perennes\/","title":{"rendered":"Inondations en RDC : \u00e0 quand des solutions p\u00e9rennes ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Les inondations qui ont frapp\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), principalement sa capitale Kinshasa, les 4 et 5 avril 2025, ne se limitent pas \u00e0 des effets d\u2019une catastrophe naturelle. L\u2019urbanisme et des lotissements anarchiques sont \u00e9galement point\u00e9s comme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui favorisent ces d\u00e9g\u00e2ts apr\u00e8s la pluie. Le gouvernement saura-t-il attaquer le probl\u00e8me \u00e0 la source ? La Premi\u00e8re ministre est attendue \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale le 16 avril prochain.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des pluies diluviennes ont atteint jusqu\u2019\u00e0 1,50 m par endroits \u00e0 Kinshasa le week-end dernier. Ces pr\u00e9cipitations \u00e9taient suivies des inondations de plusieurs quartiers dans la ville, notamment Debonhomme dans la commune de Matete, Ndanu \u00e0 Limete, Petro Congo \u00e0 Masina. Le 9 avril, le bilan est pass\u00e9 de 33 \u00e0 43 morts et plus d\u2019un millier de personnes sans-abri. Le gouvernement national et les autorit\u00e9s de la ville ont ouvert un centre d\u2019urgence au stade Tata Rapha\u00ebl, dans la commune de Kalamu, pour accueillir les sinistr\u00e9s. Ce centre a \u00e9t\u00e9 visit\u00e9 lundi 7 avril par le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi. Pourtant, la m\u00e9t\u00e9o avait pr\u00e9venu le danger. \u00ab Malgr\u00e9 nos moyens de bord, nous avons pr\u00e9venu les autorit\u00e9s sur le risque des inondations au regard de la quantit\u00e9 des pluies qui devraient tomber entre fin mars et d\u00e9but avril \u00bb, confie un m\u00e9t\u00e9orologue \u00e0 Heshima Magazine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, le gouvernement savait les pr\u00e9visions de la m\u00e9t\u00e9o mais n\u2019a pu rien anticiper. \u00ab Le gouverneur de la ville ne peut pas rester \u00e0 son poste, cela est inacceptable ! \u00bb, fulmine Florimond Muteba de l\u2019Observatoire de la d\u00e9pense publique (ODEP). Au-del\u00e0 des morts, ce membre de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile pointe l\u2019inaction de l\u2019Etat en amont des \u00e9v\u00e9nements : \u00ab On ne pr\u00e9voit rien et on subit les cons\u00e9quences \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinshasa, une ville mal construite ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En termes de superficie, la ville de Kinshasa s\u2019\u00e9tend sur 10.000 km\u00b2. Cette capitale de la RDC est parmi les premi\u00e8res m\u00e9galopoles du monde et dispose ainsi d\u2019un plus grand espace vital pour un d\u00e9veloppement harmonieux. Mais la ville a continu\u00e9 de garder sa forme de d\u00e9veloppement inspir\u00e9e de la colonisation belge o\u00f9 la commune de la Gombe est rest\u00e9e le centre des affaires, concentrant l\u2019essentiel des services publics. Cons\u00e9quence : tout gravite autour de cette municipalit\u00e9. Pourtant, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale, cette disposition avait pour but de cr\u00e9er une forme d\u2019apartheid entre les blancs qui habitaient Gombe et les autochtones dans les diff\u00e9rentes cit\u00e9s. A cette \u00e9poque, L\u00e9opoldville (actuel Kinshasa) n\u2019avait que 400 mille habitants. Garder le m\u00eame mod\u00e8le alors que la ville compte \u00e0 ce jour environ 17 millions d\u2019habitants ne doit pas \u00eatre sans cons\u00e9quence. Ce qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de circulation \u00e0 sens unique, o\u00f9 la majorit\u00e9 de la population se dirige vers Gombe le matin. Le soir, le flux exerce le mouvement contraire, retournant dans les diff\u00e9rentes cit\u00e9s cr\u00e9ant ainsi des embouteillages monstres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur le plan de l\u2019urbanisation et drainage des eaux, une l\u00e9g\u00e8ret\u00e9 sans nom se constate. Des \u00e9gouts construits depuis l\u2019\u00e9poque coloniale ne sont pas entretenus. Le reste de la ville est lotie sans tenir compte des nouvelles voies de drainage. Peu des routes construites poss\u00e8dent des voies d\u2019assainissement ad\u00e9quates. Des quartiers s\u2019agrandissent, occupant m\u00eame les lits des rivi\u00e8res. Si ce n\u2019est pas la rivi\u00e8re N\u2019djili qui d\u00e9borde, ce sont celles de Kalamu, Makelele ou Lukaya qui font des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts. La plupart des rivi\u00e8res ne sont plus faciles \u00e0 entretenir suite aux constructions anarchiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des solutions adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la topographie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour une ville qui compte quelques collines et des plaines, l\u2019urbanisation devrait tenir compte de ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments topographiques. Ce qui n\u2019est pas le cas pour la plupart des constructions faites ces 60 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Le relief de Kinshasa est compos\u00e9 de quatre \u00e9l\u00e9ments principaux : le Pool, la plaine, les collines et la terrasse. Le Pool ou Pool Malebo, c\u2019est le fleuve Congo. Il s\u2019\u00e9tend de Maluku \u00e0 Kinsuka, long de 50 Km et large de 25 Km. Le pool abrite le port fluvial le plus actif et le plus important du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le fleuve Congo, dans sa partie kinoise, traverse 7 communes : Maluku, Nsele, et Masina \u00e0 l\u2019Est, ainsi que Limete, Gombe, Ngaliema et Mont-Ngafula au Nord et \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Plaine est situ\u00e9e entre 10 et 20 m\u00e8tres au-dessus du fleuve. La Terrasse est une sorte de talus, une marche de 10 \u00e0 25 m\u00e8tres au-dessus de la plaine. Elle s\u2019\u00e9tend entre Ndjili et Mont-Ngaliema et se butte au pied des collines. La plaine et la terrasse constituent la plus grande \u00e9tendue du site de Kinshasa. C\u2019est aussi la surface la plus ais\u00e9ment urbanisable. Ces d\u00e9tails, rappel\u00e9s par l\u2019ancien Premier ministre Adolphe Muzito, devraient guider toute urbanisation de la ville pour avoir des solutions p\u00e9rennes aux probl\u00e8mes des inondations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le gouvernement interpel\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Premi\u00e8re ministre, Judith Suminwa, et plusieurs membres de son gouvernement sont interpell\u00e9s \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e nationale, le 16 avril 2025. Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s attendent des r\u00e9ponses sur leurs pr\u00e9occupations concernant la mise en \u0153uvre des mesures pr\u00e9ventives, \u00e0 la suite des inondations caus\u00e9es par les derni\u00e8res pluies diluviennes \u00e0 Kinshasa. Parmi les ministres sectoriels cibl\u00e9s figurent notamment ceux en charge du Budget et des Finances. Au-del\u00e0 de la gestion des catastrophes, il faudrait penser \u00e0 leur pr\u00e9vision. M\u00eame la pluie est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne naturel, elle ne devrait pas causer des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts chaque ann\u00e9e en RDC. Aujourd\u2019hui, c\u2019est Kinshasa, hier c\u2019\u00e9tait Kalehe et Uvira. Demain, \u00e7a pourrait \u00eatre l\u2019Equateur ou le Kongo Central. Vivement des solutions p\u00e9rennes sur l\u2019urbanisation des villes et entit\u00e9s territoriales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heshima<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les inondations qui ont frapp\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), principalement sa capitale Kinshasa, les 4 et 5 avril 2025, ne se limitent pas \u00e0 des effets d\u2019une catastrophe naturelle. L\u2019urbanisme et des lotissements anarchiques sont \u00e9galement point\u00e9s comme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui favorisent ces d\u00e9g\u00e2ts apr\u00e8s la pluie. Le gouvernement saura-t-il attaquer le probl\u00e8me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nation"],"yoast_head":"\nInondations en RDC : \u00e0 quand des solutions p\u00e9rennes ? - HESHIMA MAGAZINE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/04\/10\/inondations-en-rdc-a-quand-des-solutions-perennes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inondations en RDC : \u00e0 quand des solutions p\u00e9rennes ? - HESHIMA MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les inondations qui ont frapp\u00e9 la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC), principalement sa capitale Kinshasa, les 4 et 5 avril 2025, ne se limitent pas \u00e0 des effets d\u2019une catastrophe naturelle. L\u2019urbanisme et des lotissements anarchiques sont \u00e9galement point\u00e9s comme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui favorisent ces d\u00e9g\u00e2ts apr\u00e8s la pluie. 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