{"id":5613,"date":"2025-06-19T11:39:07","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/?p=5613"},"modified":"2025-06-19T11:39:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T11:39:09","slug":"accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/","title":{"rendered":"Accord de paix RDC-Rwanda : le point sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles fait grincer des dents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n


Un accord de paix entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et le Rwanda a \u00e9t\u00e9 paraph\u00e9, le 18 juin 2025, \u00e0 Washington, aux Etats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique. Sa signature au niveau minist\u00e9riel est pr\u00e9vue pour le 27 juin. Le texte, qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin au conflit entre les deux pays, pr\u00e9voit notamment le d\u00e9sengagement des groupes arm\u00e9s et le respect de l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 territoriale. Mais parmi les cinq points retenus dans cet accord sous la m\u00e9diation am\u00e9ricaine, il y a aussi l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles. Un point qui fait r\u00e9agir en RDC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s de trois mois de n\u00e9gociation, la RDC et le Rwanda ont enfin paraph\u00e9 le texte d\u2019un accord de paix, sous la m\u00e9diation des \u00c9tats-Unis et en pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un repr\u00e9sentant du Qatar. Ce document sera soumis \u00e0 l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation des ministres des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res de ces deux pays, avant sa signature, le 27 juin, en pr\u00e9sence du secr\u00e9taire d\u2019\u00c9tat am\u00e9ricain Marco Rubio. Ce m\u00eame document sera ensuite sign\u00e9 par les deux chefs d\u2019Etat, le Congolais F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi et son homologue rwandais Paul Kagame \u00e0 Washington, D.C. en pr\u00e9sence du pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le texte paraph\u00e9 par les \u00e9quipes techniques de ces deux pays s\u2019appuie sur la \u00ab D\u00e9claration de principes \u00bb sign\u00e9e le 25 avril 2025 toujours \u00e0 Washington. Cet accord, r\u00e9dig\u00e9 en cinq points majeurs, porte sur les enjeux politiques, s\u00e9curitaires et \u00e9conomiques. Il comprend notamment des dispositions sur \u00ab le d\u00e9sengagement, le d\u00e9sarmement et l\u2019int\u00e9gration conditionnelle des groupes arm\u00e9s non \u00e9tatiques \u00bb mais aussi la facilitation du retour des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et des personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du pays, ainsi que l’acc\u00e8s humanitaire, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le communiqu\u00e9 conjoint publi\u00e9 par le D\u00e9partement d\u2019Etat am\u00e9ricain. Il y figure aussi la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un cadre d’int\u00e9gration \u00e9conomique r\u00e9gional mais \u00e9galement un m\u00e9canisme conjoint de coordination pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Ce m\u00e9canisme va incorporer le CONOPs (Concept des op\u00e9rations) d\u00e9cid\u00e9 autrefois \u00e0 Luanda. En clair, c\u2019est un cadre d\u2019\u00e9change de renseignements entre les deux pays pour restaurer la confiance entre les deux parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si l\u2019accord paraph\u00e9 peut \u00eatre salu\u00e9 par des Congolais, un point dans ce document suscite l\u2019inqui\u00e9tude : c\u2019est l\u2019int\u00e9gration conditionnelle des groupes arm\u00e9s. \u00ab L’\u00e9vocation d’une \u00ab\u00a0int\u00e9gration conditionnelle\u00a0\u00bb sans les d\u00e9tails n\u00e9cessaires risque fort de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer une vive indignation. Pour cette raison, il est crucial de fournir des explications exhaustives \u00bb, a r\u00e9agi Jonathan David Mbombo \u00e0 la publication de l\u2019annonce de cet accord par Tina Salama, porte-parole du chef de l\u2019Etat. Celle-ci est revenue pour expliquer qu\u2019une \u00ab int\u00e9gration conditionnelle \u00bb sera faite \u00ab uniquement sur la base du Programme de D\u00e9sarmement, d\u00e9mobilisation, rel\u00e8vement communautaire et stabilisation (P-DDRCS) qui, en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, refl\u00e8te notre position sur le respect du processus de Nairobi \u00bb. Ce processus, faut-il le rappeler, pr\u00e9voyait l\u2019int\u00e9gration des groupes arm\u00e9s \u00ab au cas par cas \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une int\u00e9gration qui rappelle les d\u00e9mons du pass\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les Congolais se souviennent des \u00e9pisodes douloureux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles au sein des Forces arm\u00e9es de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (FARDC). Au terme de la deuxi\u00e8me guerre du Congo, le dialogue intercongolais avait conduit \u00e0 l\u2019Accord global et inclusif de Pretoria sign\u00e9 en 2002. Cet accord visait, entre autres, l\u2019unification des diff\u00e9rentes factions arm\u00e9es dans une arm\u00e9e nationale r\u00e9form\u00e9e : les FARDC. Ce brassage avait donc mis ensemble les combattants issus de diff\u00e9rents groupes arm\u00e9s (gouvernementaux, rebelles, milices). Ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 form\u00e9s ensemble dans des centres militaires afin de cr\u00e9er une arm\u00e9e r\u00e9publicaine unifi\u00e9e, disciplin\u00e9e, apolitique et professionnelle. Ce premier cycle de brassage n\u2019avait pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9 le pays d\u2019une nouvelle r\u00e9bellion. En 2007, certains anciens rebelles brass\u00e9s ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 avec Laurent Nkunda une nouvelle r\u00e9bellion : le Congr\u00e8s national pour la d\u00e9fense du peuple (CNDP). Ce mouvement rebelle dirig\u00e9 par Laurent Nkunda sera de nouveau int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans les FARDC suite \u00e0 des n\u00e9gociations avec le gouvernement. C\u2019est le fameux accord du 23 mars 2009. Ce processus a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une int\u00e9gration sans brassage effectif, souvent appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0mixage\u00a0\u00bb, qui sera fortement critiqu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Failles et fragilit\u00e9 du mixage de 2009<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beaucoup d\u2019anciens rebelles int\u00e9gr\u00e9s au sein de l\u2019arm\u00e9e nationale avaient conserv\u00e9 leurs cha\u00eenes de commandement parall\u00e8les. La discipline et la loyaut\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e9taient devenues probl\u00e9matiques. Le cas du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Bosco Ntaganda, ex-CNDP devenu officier FARDC, illustre bien ces d\u00e9faillances. Des officiers mix\u00e9s comme le colonel Jules Mutebusi, nomm\u00e9 commandant adjoint de la 12\u00e8me r\u00e9gion militaire, refusaient d\u2019ob\u00e9ir aux ordres de son titulaire. Ce qui avait provoqu\u00e9 des affrontements \u00e0 Bukavu, chef-lieu de la province du Sud-Kivu mais aussi dans les localit\u00e9s environnantes. L\u2019\u00e9chec de ce brassage avait contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la naissance du Mouvement du 23 mars (M23), un groupe issu de l\u2019ancien groupe rebelle le CNDP. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments du M23 se mutinent et affrontent les FARDC en 2012, au point de faire chuter la ville de Goma pendant environ une semaine. Ils s\u2019\u00e9taient retir\u00e9s sans affrontement apr\u00e8s des appels de la communaut\u00e9 internationale mais aussi de l\u2019Ouganda voisin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La crainte d\u2019un cercle vicieux\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir v\u00e9cu une telle exp\u00e9rience sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des \u00e9l\u00e9ments rebelles, plusieurs Congolais per\u00e7oivent l\u2019annonce d\u2019une nouvelle int\u00e9gration quoique \u00ab conditionnelle \u00bb comme \u00e9tant une mauvaise r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de l\u2019histoire. \u00ab C\u2019est un cercle vicieux \u00bb, commente un internaute \u00e0 l\u2019annonce de ce point dans le nouvel accord de paix paraph\u00e9 \u00e0 Washington.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans la marche de la RDC post-AFDL, le processus de brassage dans les FARDC a \u00e9t\u00e9 une tentative importante de reconstruction nationale, mais ses r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mitig\u00e9s. Il a permis d\u2019\u00e9viter un \u00e9clatement total du pays apr\u00e8s la guerre, mais n\u2019a pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 forger une arm\u00e9e r\u00e9ellement unifi\u00e9e, professionnelle et disciplin\u00e9e. Les FARDC qui commencent une nouvelle r\u00e9forme avec la loi sur la programmation militaire risque de prendre un nouveau coup d\u2019arr\u00eat si ce volet du nouvel accord n\u2019est pas bien pris en charge afin d\u2019\u00e9viter une mauvaise r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de l\u2019histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heshima<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un accord de paix entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et le Rwanda a \u00e9t\u00e9 paraph\u00e9, le 18 juin 2025, \u00e0 Washington, aux Etats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique. Sa signature au niveau minist\u00e9riel est pr\u00e9vue pour le 27 juin. Le texte, qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin au conflit entre les deux pays, pr\u00e9voit notamment le d\u00e9sengagement des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[172],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-international"],"yoast_head":"\nAccord de paix RDC-Rwanda : le point sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles fait grincer des dents - HESHIMA MAGAZINE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Accord de paix RDC-Rwanda : le point sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles fait grincer des dents - HESHIMA MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un accord de paix entre la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC) et le Rwanda a \u00e9t\u00e9 paraph\u00e9, le 18 juin 2025, \u00e0 Washington, aux Etats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique. 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Le texte, qui vise \u00e0 mettre fin au conflit entre les deux pays, pr\u00e9voit notamment le d\u00e9sengagement des […]","og_url":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/","og_site_name":"HESHIMA MAGAZINE","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/heshimamagazine","article_published_time":"2025-06-19T11:39:07+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-19T11:39:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1079,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/IMG-20250619-WA0011.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"La redaction","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@HeshimaMag","twitter_site":"@HeshimaMag","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"La redaction","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/"},"author":{"name":"La redaction","@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/#\/schema\/person\/7188c0b9e770a370943576373b325f91"},"headline":"Accord de paix RDC-Rwanda : le point sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles fait grincer des dents","datePublished":"2025-06-19T11:39:07+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-19T11:39:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/"},"wordCount":1116,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/IMG-20250619-WA0011.jpg","articleSection":["International"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/","url":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2025\/06\/19\/accord-de-paix-rdc-rwanda-le-point-sur-lintegration-des-rebelles-fait-grincer-des-dents\/","name":"Accord de paix RDC-Rwanda : le point sur l\u2019int\u00e9gration des rebelles fait grincer des dents - 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