{"id":6335,"date":"2026-09-10T12:08:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T12:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/?p=6335"},"modified":"2026-09-10T12:08:19","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T12:08:19","slug":"accords-de-washington-la-mise-en-oeuvre-traine-un-an-apres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2026\/09\/10\/accords-de-washington-la-mise-en-oeuvre-traine-un-an-apres\/","title":{"rendered":"Accords\u00a0de Washington : la mise en \u0153uvre tra\u00eene,\u00a0un an apr\u00e8s\u2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sign\u00e9s le 27 juin 2025 et ent\u00e9rin\u00e9s, six mois plus tard, par les pr\u00e9sidents F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi et Paul Kagame, dans un climat de fortes tensions, les accords de Washington n’ont toujours pas produit les effets escompt\u00e9s. Un an apr\u00e8s leur signature, la paix reste hors de port\u00e9e dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo (RDC). Leur mise en \u0153uvre patine et para\u00eet de plus en plus hypoth\u00e9tique, malgr\u00e9 les sanctions inflig\u00e9es au Rwanda par les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s plusieurs cycles de discussions sans r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9cisifs, le processus de d\u00e9sescalade engag\u00e9 entre Kinshasa et Kigali semble s’\u00eatre enlis\u00e9. Pourtant, les deux parties poursuivent leurs rencontres dans le cadre des m\u00e9canismes pr\u00e9vus par l’accord. Le 24 juin 2026, lors de la sixi\u00e8me r\u00e9union du Comit\u00e9 mixte de surveillance (CMS), les deux d\u00e9l\u00e9gations ont r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 leur volont\u00e9 d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la mise en \u0153uvre de l’accord afin de r\u00e9duire les tensions dans l’est de la RDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais sur le terrain, les avanc\u00e9es restent limit\u00e9es. Selon le Barom\u00e8tre des accords de paix en Afrique, un an apr\u00e8s leur signature, les accords de Washington n’ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en \u0153uvre qu’\u00e0 hauteur de 35 %. Sur les 30 engagements pr\u00e9vus, seuls trois ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pleinement r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, notamment la mise en place d’un m\u00e9canisme conjoint de coordination s\u00e9curitaire et du Comit\u00e9 mixte de surveillance. Tous les autres volets accusent un retard important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Barom\u00e8tre rel\u00e8ve toutefois quelques progr\u00e8s. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 congolais, les op\u00e9rations de neutralisation des FDLR, lanc\u00e9es \u00e0 la fin du mois de mars 2026, obtiennent une note de 5 sur 10. En revanche, du c\u00f4t\u00e9 rwandais, le retrait des troupes et la lev\u00e9e des mesures d\u00e9fensives n’atteignent qu’un score de 2,5 sur 10. Il appara\u00eet \u00e9galement un profond d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre dans les priorit\u00e9s d’ex\u00e9cution. Les engagements s\u00e9curitaires les plus sensibles restent pratiquement au point mort. Le d\u00e9ficit de confiance entre les deux parties continue de freiner la coop\u00e9ration et favorise la poursuite des hostilit\u00e9s sur le terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Rwanda renforce sa pr\u00e9sence<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que Kigali s’\u00e9tait engag\u00e9 \u00e0 retirer ses forces du territoire congolais et \u00e0 lever certaines mesures d\u00e9fensives, plusieurs rapports indiquent au contraire un renforcement de sa pr\u00e9sence militaire dans les provinces du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu. Les autorit\u00e9s rwandaises justifient ce maintien par la menace persistante que repr\u00e9senteraient les FDLR et par la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server leur s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Dans un rapport adress\u00e9 au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations unies, le Groupe d’experts indique que, depuis le lancement du processus de Doha en mars 2025, les territoires contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par l’AFC\/M23 se sont \u00e9tendus de plus de 35 %. Le m\u00eame rapport estime qu’entre 14 000 et 18 000 militaires rwandais restent d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s dans l’est de la RDC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les sanctions am\u00e9ricaines montrent leurs limites<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parall\u00e8lement, les n\u00e9gociations men\u00e9es \u00e0 Doha, sous la m\u00e9diation du Qatar entre le gouvernement congolais et l’AFC\/M23, peinent-elles aussi \u00e0 produire des r\u00e9sultats concrets. De m\u00eame, la pression diplomatique et \u00e9conomique exerc\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis sur Kigali ne semble pas modifier le rapport de force sur le terrain. Washington a pourtant multipli\u00e9 les sanctions contre des responsables rwandais accus\u00e9s de soutenir l’AFC\/M23 ou de tirer profit de l’exploitation ill\u00e9gale des ressources mini\u00e8res congolaises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En juin dernier, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont sanctionn\u00e9 plusieurs ressortissants rwandais soup\u00e7onn\u00e9s de participer au trafic d’or extrait ill\u00e9galement dans l’est de la RDC. La raffinerie Gasabo Gold Refinery Ltd, bas\u00e9e \u00e0 Kigali, ainsi que plusieurs membres de son r\u00e9seau, sont accus\u00e9s de blanchir cet or. \u00ab Les \u00c9tats-Unis ne permettront pas \u00e0 des acteurs malveillants de tirer profit du commerce illicite des minerais et de d\u00e9stabiliser la r\u00e9gion \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le secr\u00e9taire am\u00e9ricain au Tr\u00e9sor, Scott Bessent. Quelques mois auparavant, l’administration Trump avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 pris des sanctions contre plusieurs officiers sup\u00e9rieurs des Forces de d\u00e9fense rwandaises. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces mesures, Kigali ne donne aucun signe de recul. Le porte-parole de l’arm\u00e9e rwandaise, le brigadier-g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Patrick Karuretwa, lui-m\u00eame vis\u00e9 par des sanctions am\u00e9ricaines, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 sur un plateau de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision que \u00ab le Rwanda est \u00e0 Goma et \u00e0 Bukavu pour y rester ; se retirer serait suicidaire \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autre paradoxe : James Kabarebe, sanctionn\u00e9 par le Tr\u00e9sor am\u00e9ricain en 2025 pour son r\u00f4le pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 dans le soutien au M23 et dans l’exploitation des ressources mini\u00e8res congolaises, a \u00e9t\u00e9 promu ministre d’\u00c9tat charg\u00e9 de l’Int\u00e9gration r\u00e9gionale. Il est aujourd’hui l’interlocuteur officiel du Rwanda pour le volet \u00e9conomique des accords de Washington, pourtant parrain\u00e9s par les \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le dialogue comme alternative<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Face aux difficult\u00e9s rencontr\u00e9es par les initiatives diplomatiques, plusieurs acteurs politiques et organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile congolaises plaident d\u00e9sormais en faveur d’un dialogue national inclusif. Pour eux, un dialogue interne pourrait permettre de consolider les accords de Washington en abordant d’autres causes profondes de la crise, notamment les questions de gouvernance, de coh\u00e9sion nationale et de l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des institutions. \u00ab Sans dialogue national inclusif, Washington et Doha ne m\u00e8neront pas \u00e0 une paix durable \u00bb, ont notamment affirm\u00e9 plusieurs organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans cette perspective, le pr\u00e9sident burundais \u00c9variste Ndayishimiye, \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sident en exercice de l’Union africaine, a re\u00e7u, le 7 juillet 2026, une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de responsables politiques congolais ainsi que des repr\u00e9sentants de la CENCO, de l’ECC et des \u00c9glises de r\u00e9veil. \u00c0 l’issue des \u00e9changes, le chef de l’\u00c9tat burundais a insist\u00e9 sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’un dialogue inclusif. La coalition C64 lui a, pour sa part, r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 son opposition \u00e0 toute modification de la Constitution du 18 f\u00e9vrier 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais le consensus est encore loin d’\u00eatre trouv\u00e9. Majorit\u00e9 et opposition divergent aussi bien sur les participants que sur le contenu du futur dialogue. Le pouvoir refuse que ce cadre serve de \u00ab blanchisserie \u00bb \u00e0 ceux qui ont pris les armes contre la R\u00e9publique, tandis que les responsables religieux plaident pour une participation sans exclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sur le fond \u00e9galement, les positions restent \u00e9loign\u00e9es. Certains souhaitent un dialogue centr\u00e9 sur la coh\u00e9sion nationale, d’autres veulent remettre sur la table l’ensemble de l’ordre politique issu des \u00e9lections de 2023. Pour Jean-Claude Katende, pr\u00e9sident de l’Association africaine de d\u00e9fense des droits de l’homme (ASADHO), le dialogue est devenu incontournable. Mais, pr\u00e9vient-il, il ne devra pas occulter les imp\u00e9ratifs de justice et de lutte contre l’impunit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hubert Mwipatayi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sign\u00e9s le 27 juin 2025 et ent\u00e9rin\u00e9s, six mois plus tard, par les pr\u00e9sidents F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi et Paul Kagame, dans un climat de fortes tensions, les accords de Washington n’ont toujours pas produit les effets escompt\u00e9s. Un an apr\u00e8s leur signature, la paix reste hors de port\u00e9e dans l’est de la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6337,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[173,200],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6335","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossier","category-non-classe-en"],"yoast_head":"\nAccords\u00a0de Washington : la mise en \u0153uvre tra\u00eene,\u00a0un an apr\u00e8s\u2026 - HESHIMA MAGAZINE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/heshimardc.net\/v1\/2026\/09\/10\/accords-de-washington-la-mise-en-oeuvre-traine-un-an-apres\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Accords\u00a0de Washington : la mise en \u0153uvre tra\u00eene,\u00a0un an apr\u00e8s\u2026 - HESHIMA MAGAZINE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sign\u00e9s le 27 juin 2025 et ent\u00e9rin\u00e9s, six mois plus tard, par les pr\u00e9sidents F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi et Paul Kagame, dans un climat de fortes tensions, les accords de Washington n’ont toujours pas produit les effets escompt\u00e9s. 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